Derrida and Deconstruction

Paper no:E-c-203

Topic: Derrida and Deconstruction

Name: Gohil Hetalba

Roll No :5

Class:M.A,Sem-2

Submitted To:

Dr.Dilip Barad

Department of English

Bhavnagar University

Bhavnagar.

    Jacques Derrida was an Algerian-born French philosopher, known as the founder of deconstruction. His voluminous work has had a profound impact upon literary theory and continental philosophy. His best known work is Of Grammatology. Distancing himself from the various philosophical movements and traditions that preceded him on the French intellectual scene (phenomenology, existentialism, and structuralism); in the mid 1960s he developed a strategy called deconstruction. 

    Derrida was one of the most widely revered and widely  reviled thinkers of the mid-to-late twentieth Century

Deconstruction:
     Deconstruction is a school of philosophy and literary criticism forged in the writings of the French philosopher Jacques Derrida. Deconstruction can perhaps best be described as a theory of reading which aims to undermine the logic of opposition within Texts. For Derrida this requires a scrutiny of the essential distinctions and conceptual orderings which have been constructed by the dominant tradition of Western philosophy

Differance

    Differance is a French word coined by the French philosopher and deconstructionist, Jacques Derrida. The word is a play on several other words that illustrate Derrida’s meaning. The concept of differance is a complex theory that tries to illuminate the way words are used and how their specific meaning is derived. Derrida called difference a "neographism," meaning a term that is neither a word nor a concept and is used to describe a literary idea.

   In his theory of deconstruction, Derrida claimed that because each person has different moods, backgrounds, and ways of experiencing things, a word or choice of words will not conjure up the same idea to every person.

‘’….in language there are only differences without positive terms’’
This idea leads him the two key concepts 1) Sign 2) Structure.

Logocentricism and Phonocentricism

     To speak a little bit of Derrida, it might be said that like the logocentrics of old we anal-retentive, logo-phallo-centric philosophers privilege logos – that is, meaning, reason, spirit and we take speech to be prior, in the order of signification, to writing. And by privileging speech over writing, we privilege presence over absence. We hanker after transcendental signified -- signified that transcend all signifiers, meanings that transcends all signs.

  The spoken word to be somehow prior to the written word, we do all that nasty stuff. Studying texts, even the texts of the canon with its oppressive metaphysics of presence, allows us to recognize and acknowledge what is absent.

Metaphysics of Presence

   Derrida borrows this phrase “Metaphysics of Presence” from heideggar.By logos or presence, derrida signifies “ultimate referent” a self-certifying and self-sufficient ground or foundation available to us totally outside the play of language itself that serves to be a “center” to guarantee the structure of a linguistic system.

For instance,

Raft

Boat

Ship

Ocean liner

Its relationship to the other words (a boat is bigger than a raft but smaller than a ship) Derrida focuses on the center of it and then tries to deconstruct that center.

Decentring the center

   According to derrida, the center also closes off the play which it opens up. As center it is the point at which the substitution of contents, elements or terms is no longer possible.Futher says that center is paradoxically “within the structure and outside it” or even “the center is not the center”

  To sum-up, the innate to the theory of meridian and deconstruction are disturbing, provocating and challenging.

Art of Characterization in Oliver Twist

Paper no:E-C-204

Topic:  Art of Characterization in Oliver Twist

Name: Gohil Hetalba

Roll No :5

Class:M.A,Sem-2

Submitted To:

Dr Dilip Barad

Department of English

Bhavnagar University

Bhavnagar

       

Oliver Twist was enormously influential in bringing to light the atrocious treatment of paupers and orphans in Dickens's time. The novel is not only a brilliant work of art but also a tremendously important document in social history.

Oliver Twist 

  A Symbolic character: Oliver is the central character of the novel. He is also a link among the three different worlds depicted in the novel-the workhouse, the crime world and the world of the genteel middle class people. Dickens wanted to make him an instrument of exposing the inhumanity and the callousness o0f the workhouse and the underworld. He belongs to no class. Oliver is symbolic of the principle of good. And Oliver being a deprived and out casting child. Monks He is more a mysterious force than a real character. 

Oliver is the hero of the novel. But he’s also a child, and can’t always act for himself. We often find that we know things that he doesn’t, just by virtue of being older and wiser than he is. We don’t always sympathize with him the way we do with protagonists that are older and more worldly. So Oliver’s status as a child protagonist is one element that bears more consideration. 

Mr. Bumble 

The parish beadle; a rat man and a choleric with a great idea of his oratorical powers and his importance. He has a decided propensity for bullying. He derived no inconsiderable pressure from the exercise of petty cruelty and consequently was a coward. Halfway through the book, bumble changes. When he marries Mrs. Corney, he loses authority. She makes all the decisions. 

The Artful Dodger 

   A talented pickpocket, recruiter, Jack Dawkins, as the artful dodger, is a charming rouge. Fagin’s most esteemed pupil. A dirty snub nosed, flat-browed, common-faced boy (short for his age). Dickens makes Dodger look more appealing by describing his outrageous clothes and uninhibited manners. 

Fagin 

   A master criminal, whose specialty is fenang (selling stolen property),. He employs a gang of thieves and is always looking for new recruits. He is a man of considerable intelligence, though corrupted by his self-interest. His conscience bothers him after he is condemned to hang. He does have a wry sense of humor and an uncanny ability to understand people. He is a very old shriveled Jew, whose villainous looking repulsive five was obscured by a quantity of matted red hair and wit. 

Mr. Brownlow 

 A generous man, concerned for other people. A very respectable looking person with a heart large enough for any six ordinary old gentleman of humane disposition. 

Nancy 

Nancy might be the most complicated character of the novel. Despite being a relatively minor character, she has a very important role to play. Nancy Nancy is a drab (prostitute) working for Fagin’s gang. Only two aspects of her nature are given prominence-.She agrees to respect Oliver and bring him back him back to Fagin’s den. Later when she overhears the conspiracy being hatched by Fagin and Monks, She decides to restore Oliver to the genteel world from where she had captured him. She might have been if she had grown up in a different environment

Socio-Psycho analysis in Tara

Paper no:E-C- 202

Topic: Socio-Psycho analysis in Tara

Name: Gohil Hetalba

Roll No :5

Class:M.A,Sem-2

Submitted To:
Dr .Dilip Barad

Department of English

Bhavnagar University

Bhavnagar

  

  “Tara”, is a play by Mahesh Dattani. This play is a family tragedy in which the members of the family are torn apart in pieces ‘Tara’ a tragic play, based on family relationship and gender discrimination that is totally disheveled and shattered because of Siamese twins Chandan and Tara who are to be considered as a scapegoat for Bharti and Mr. Patel, parents of two children.. Why did not she get two legs during the operation? Why did her mother favor the boy? Why did not Bharti favor Tara? These are the crux of the play.

    Sex and gender should be differentiated before going ahead. Sex is a biological term while gender is decided by social gospels and dogmas. Woman should behave like this and that, keep limit in her behavior. The social psychological bonds in ‘Tara’ lie at the zenith “of the discussion and argument. On one hand if we think for a while that all family members are suffering from gender discrimination, naturally, psychology of the characters is to be blamed. In his plays, Dattani takes on what he calls the ‘invisible issues of Indian society’. Now, here, we can observe Dattani’s use of those stereotypical roles of man and woman. This thing also shows the gender perspective of the Indian society.

   These are stereotypical gender roles in own Indian society and Dattani makes full use of them. Another example, in which we can see this Indian Gender perspective. When Tara to Roopa about the conversation between father and son, she says that, 

“The men in the house were deciding on whether they were going to hunting while the women looked after the caves.”

         Now, here, we can see explicitly the Indian Gender Perspective that man’s work for taking care of his family, where as women have to work only in the house. Her work is to look after her house, husband and children. This is her world. She can’t break this rule.

Mr. Patel: “I was just thinking… It may be a good idea for you to come to the office with me.”

         So, here, we can see that these above words of Mr. Patel represent the male-dominance of Indian society. Mr. Patel says to join the office to Chandan, not to Tara.

Bharti’s dialogues are so long that symbolizes those women who cannot justify their argument. They keep speaking. It suggests that women are not to be focused on. Society does not give even little respect and honors to them. Roopa’s language is frequently abusive, satirical and absurd. She stands for society
 Another example in which we can see the disappeared female gender identity. Dan talks with himself, he utters…

“What is Tara?”
         

   These words question where is Tara’s identity? Her disappeared identity shows her helplessness. The responsible thing for this is male-dominant society. She is the victim of the patriarchal society. In a way, Chandan is responsible for that.
    Because during the operation Bharati and her father favored boy and told the doctor to save the boy. This shows the cruel identity of the Indian society.

It indicates Tara is going to be more and more tragic. One will remember that climax of the drama, Bharti is ready to give her own kidney because she loves very much and then Tara’s reply is very much sarcastic and mordant, ironical and so much symbolic that becomes everyone’s sentence,

“Because you love me so much.” 

Does Bharti love her much? Is the question and answer in disguise? Where was her love when she gave birth to conjoined children? This makes Tara mentally broken and conquered. She is so much fragile and natural that is easily affected by emotions

Tara: “That’s okay. I can handle them.”

 Dattani has shown Tara physically challenged, but mentally strong. Mahesh Dattani has presented an analysis of gender identity in an unbelievable way in “Tara

Culture Studies and its Four Goals

Paper no:E-E- 205

Topic: Culture Studies and its Four Goals 

Name: Gohil Hetalba

Roll No :5

Class:M.A,Sem-2

Submitted To:

Dr.Dilip Barad

Department of English

Bhavnagar University

Bhavnagar.

CULTURAL STUDIES AND ITS FOUR GOALS:-
INTRODUCTION: - “CULTURAL STUDIES”


  The word “culture” itself it so difficult to pin down, “cultural studies” is hard to define. Cultural studies “is not so much a discrete approach at all, but rather a set of practices. As Patrick brantinger has pointed out, culturalstudies in not ‘a tightly coherent, unified movement with a fixed agenda.”But a loosely coherent group of tendencies, issues, and question.” 


1. FIRST :- GOAL
“Cultural studies transcends the confine of a particular discipline such as literary criticism or history.
  “practiced in such journal as critical inquiry , representations, and boundary 2 , cultural studies involves scrutinizing the cultural phenomenon of a text – for example Italian opera, a Latino telenovela, the architectural styles of prisons, body piercing and drawing conclusion about the change in textual phenomena over time.
    Cultural studies are not necessarily about literature in the traditional sense or even about “art”. In their introduction to cultural studies , editors Lawrence grossberg,cary nelson , and Paula trencher emphasize that the intellectual promise of cultural studies lies in the attempts to “ cut across diverse social and political interests and address many of the struggles within the current scene.”


- Intellectual works are not limited by their own “borders” as single texts, historical problems or disciplines , and the critic’s own personal connections to what is being analyzed Amy also be described.


- Hendy Giroux and others write in their Dalhousie review manifesto that cultural studies practitioners are “resisting intellectuals” who see what they do as “an emancipator project.” Because it erodes the traditional disciplinary divisions in most institutions of higher education.


- SECOND GOAL:-


“ Cultural studies is political engaged”
cultural critic see themselves as “ oppositional” not only within their own disciplines but to many of the power structures of society at large. They question inequalities within power structures and seek to disover modles for restructuring relationship many dominant and “minority” or “subaltern” discourses. Because meaning and individual subjectivity are culturally constructed , they can thus be reconstructed. Such a notion , taken to a philosophical extreme , denies the autonomy of the individual, whether an actual person or a character in literature , a rebuttal of the traditional humanistic “great man” or “great book” theory, and a relocation's of aesthetics and cultural from the idal realms of taste and sensibility, into the arena of a whole society’s everyday life as it is constructed.


- THIRD GOAL:-
“Cultural studies denies the separation of high and low or elite and popular culture .
Being a “cultured” person used to mean being acquainted with “highbrow” art and intellectual pursuits. Cultural critics today work to transfer the term culture today work to transfer the term culture to include mass culture, whether popular , folk , or urban.


“The practice of every life”
Studying literature as an anthropologist would, as a
Phenomenon of culture, including a culture’s economy,
Rather then determining which the “best” works are
Produced, culture clinics describe what is produced and
How carious productions relate to one another. They aim to
Reveal the political, economic reasons why a certain
Cultural product is move valued at certain times then
Others.


FORTH GOAL:-
“Cultural studies analyze not only the cultural work, but also the means of production. Marxist critics have long recognized the importance of such par literary questions as these: who supports a given artist who publishes his or her books, and how are these books distributed? Who buys books? For those matters, who is literate and who is not? The impact upon reading such technical innovations as cheaper eyeglasses, electric lights, and trains; the book of the month club; and how writers and texts go through fluctuations of popularity and canonical. These studies help up recognize that literature does not occur in a space separate from other concerns of our lives.
      Cultural studies thus join subjectivity – that is, cultural in relation to individual lives- with engagement, a direct approach to attacking social ills.

Different Approaches in Frakenstein.

Paper no:E-C- 201

Topic:  Different Approaches in Frakenstein

Name: Gohil Hetalba

Roll No :5

Class:M.A,Sem-2

Submitted To:
Dr.Dilip Barad.

Department of English

Bhavnagar University

Bhavnagar

Frankenstein

      Frankenstein was written in 1818 by Mary Shelley, wife of p.b Shelley.There is two different approaches which is used in Frankenstein.

1) Moral and Philosophical Approaches.

2) The Formalist Approaches.

Moral and Philosophical Approaches.

 The moral and philosophical approaches is as old as classical Greek and roman critics.

      Frakenstein is akin to some scientists of our own day against whom ethics bring charges that the scientists attempt and achieve development more and they have the ethical clarity to direct their studies. Frakenstein stoked his ambition by the self-0deluding thought that he would discover the secret of life and create a living being that in turn would be the flower of humanity.

      He does not think through the full range of possibilities, including the possibility of disastrous failure in the midst of his seeming success.

     There is another moral dimension in Mary Shelley’s novel besides the creation of another life; momentonsas being enters the world and society. There the moral dimensions extend to responsibility for one’s own children.Frakensteinis moral culpable for his failure to accept responsibility. Frakenstein refuses to accept responsibility for his progeny and to society for the horrors he himself has inflicted upon it.

        While pursuing the moster we can see absence of love and a person has totally lost his moral compass and if Frankenstein challenges a moral universe, frakenstein, the 19th ceatury novel challenges the 21^st century.

The Formalist Approach.

      The outward form ,almost the visual shape of Mary Shelley’s Frakenstein.Infact ,the entire book is placed within a frame of the letters,so that the frame itself becomes a formalist deviceand especially important at the beginning and the end of the book,with the extensive letters of captain Walton to his sister.We occasionally have a box-within a box effect which in turn introduce a possibility of a shifting  point of view.For a formalist reader,this entails attension to who the speaker/writer is and which perception change accordingly,if any.

     The closer reader of the novel  must  soon perceive two opposing ideas and concept which forms the major theme of the novel.The theme of hope and despair,Frakenstein and walton’s dreams for great scientific successes  but both fails stupendously while sacrificing the lives of other(Frakenstein) or endangering lives(Walton)

The contrast between hubris hopes and human despair form a major theme of the novel.

Variuos Themes in The Waste Land.

Paper no:E-C- 301-The Modernist Literature.

Topic: Variuos Themes in The Waste Land.

Name: Gohil Hetalba

Roll No :5

Class:M.A,Sem-1

Submitted To:

Dr.Dilip Barad

Department of English

Bhavnagar University

Bhavnagar

About Poet

             Thomas Stearns Eliot was born in 1888 in st.Louis.He was the son of a prominent industrialist who came from well-connected Boston family. Though, Eliot had alead written “The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock” and the war ‘which kept him in England, led him to decide to pursue poetry full time.

            Eliot finished the work that was to secure him fame, The Waste Land. This poem heavily edited by pound and perhaps also by Eliot’s wife ‘Vivien addressed the fragmentation and alienation characteristic of modern culture, making use of these fragments to create a new kind of poetry. He was so monumental that younger poets often went out of their way to avoid his looming shadow, painstakingly avoiding all similarities of style.

Life in Death and Death in life

     In this poem, the poet want to say that, men have lost knowledge of good and evil in the modern era. It keeps them from being alive and is the justification for viewing the modern waste land as a kingdom in which the inhabitants do not even exist.

     Cleanthes brooks in “The Wasteland: critique of the Myth “Said that the device life n death and death in life is favorite of Eliot ‘s and the poem “The Waste Land” is built on a major contrast .The contrast is between two kinds of life and two kinds of death. Life devoid of meaning is death and sacrifice, even the sacrificial death, may be life-giving also an awakening to life .The poem occupies itself to a great extent with this paradox and with a number of variations upon it.

     Eliot in his essay “Baudelaire “says that “I think Baudelaire has perceived that what distinguish the relations has man woman from the copulation of beasts is the knowledge of God and Evil like moral Good and Evil and which are not natural Good and bad or puritan right Wrong. So far as we are human, what we do must be either evil or good and so far as we do evil and good we are human and in paradoxical way that to do evil that is to do nothing.

The theme is stated in the quotation which is the preface of the poem.

“Nam sibylllam queen kumis ego ipse oculist me

Did in ampoule pendere, etfor cum illi pueri dicerent

Sibylla ti theis; respondebat illa: apothanein thelo”

     This epigraph comes from the satyricon satire of Petronius. In English ,it reads’ saw with my own eyes the sibyl at Cumae hanging in a jar and when the boys said to her ,sibly’what do you want? She replied that I want to die”

    Her statement has several interpretation .for one meaning is that who are inhabit the waste land saying .But she may be saying what in “Tha journey of the Magi says “-----this birth was hard and bitter agony for us ,like death, our death----I should be glad of another death.

     This is life in death and death in life suggest that a life of complete inactive, listlessness and apathy. That is why winter is welcoming them and Aprils the cruelest month because it stirring reminding them wake up, them dislikes to be roused from death in life.

Like in the very beginning of part-1, the lines like this...

“April is the cruelest month, breading

Lilacs out of the dead land, mixing

Memory and desire, stirring

Dull roots with spring rain

Winter kept us warm, covering

Earth in forgetful snow, feeding’’

     Cleanth Brooks want to say that after World War 1, the majority of people felt that despair, desolationand despondency were the only honest response to their chaotic post –war universe.

The Changing Nature of Gender Roles

      Over the course of Eliot’s life, gender roles and sexuality became increasingly flexible, and Eliot reflected those changes in his work.

 In the poem,   The Waste Land, The poet portrays rape, prostitution, a conversation about abortion, and other incidences of nonreproductive sexuality. Nevertheless, the poem’s central character, Tiresias, is a hermaphrodite—and his powers of prophesy and transformations are, in some sense, due to his male and female genitalia. With Tiresias, Eliot creates a character that embodies wholeness, represented by the two genders coming together in one body.

 Death

   Two of the poem’s sections -- “The Burial of the Dead” and “Death by Water” --refer specifically to this theme. What complicates matters is that death can mean life; in other words, by dying, a being can pave the way for new lives. Eliot asks his friend Stetson: “That corpse you planted last year in your garden, / Has it begun to sprout? Will it bloom this year?” Similarly, Christ, by “dying,” redeemed humanity and thereby gave new life. The ambiguous passage between life and death finds an echo in the frequent allusions to Dante, particularly in the Limbo-like vision of the men flowing across London Bridge and through the modern city.

Rebirth

    The Christ images in the poem, along with the many other religious metaphors, posit rebirth and resurrection as central themes. The Waste Land lies fallow and the Fisher King is impotent; what is needed is a new beginning. Water, for one, can bring about that rebirth, but it can also destroy. What the poet must finally turn to is Heaven, in the climactic exchange with the skies: “Datta. Dayadhvam. Damyata.” Eliot’s vision is essentially of a world that is neither dying nor living; to break the spell, a profound change, perhaps an ineffable one, is required. Hence the prevalence of Grail imagery in the poem; that holy chalice can restore life and wipe the slate clean; likewise, Eliot refers frequently to baptisms and to rivers – both “life-givers,” in either spiritual or physical ways.

    The Seasons

        "The Waste Land" opens with an invocation of April, “the cruelest month.” That spring be depicted as cruel is a curious choice on Eliot’s part, but as a paradox it informs the rest of the poem to a great degree. What brings life brings also death; the seasons fluctuate, spinning from one state to another, but, like history, they maintain some sort of stasis; not everything changes. In the end, Eliot’s “waste land” is almost seasonless: devoid of rain, of propagation, of real change. The world hangs in a perpetual limbo, waiting the dawn of a new season.

    Lust

     Perhaps the most famous episode in "The Waste Land" involves a female typist’s liaison with a “carbuncular” man. Eliot depicts the scene as something akin to a rape. This chance sexual encounter carries with it mythological baggage – the violated Philomela, the blind Tiresias who lived for a time as a woman. Sexuality runs through "The Waste Land," taking center stage as a cause of calamity in “The Fire Sermon.” Nonetheless, Eliot defends “a moment’s surrender” as a part of existence in “What the Thunder Said.” Lust may be a sin, and sex may be too easy and too rampant in Eliot’s London, but action is still preferable to inaction. What is needed is sex that produces life, that rejuvenates, that restores – sex, in other words, that is not “sterile.”

 Love

    The references to Tristan and Isolde in “The Burial of the Dead,” to Cleopatra in “A Game of Chess,” and to the story of Tereus and Philomela suggest that love, in "The Waste Land," is often destructive. Tristan and Cleopatra die, while Tereus rapes Philomela, and even the love for the hyacinth girl leads the poet to see and know “nothing." 

“Satan and Saraswati: The Double Face of English in India”

Paper no:E-C- 304 ELT-1

Topic: “Satan and Saraswati: The Double Face of English in India”

Name: Gohil Hetalba

Roll No :5

Class:M.A,Sem-1

Submitted To:

Mr. Devarshi Mehta

Department of English

Bhavnagar University

Bhavnagar

God or Evil: The two face of English in India.

           “In India, there is bilingualism; monolialism situation occurred after freedom of india.With the growth of any language, it is also harmful and useful too. We adopted English as a global language ,pan-Indian language but how far its role is concord it plays double role in the life of the people .At the same part of India ,English has increased though many social and political problem.”

             After the independence, British people left India butt they left the footprint in India means there language. Because America and Europe is at of the world so English is also became at the center because the language f power and pride. Due to this value, English is become prominent element in the life of people, but it also creates many prolem.Most of the people wanted to put their child into the English medium school though they even ready for sacrifice many things. It is became status symbol and also a trend.

             It generates many problems because we are very cultural conscious people so when a child adopted any new language and he or she also adopted the culture of that language .It that time, it creates a problem. So there culture and are culture is different from them. The English medium students behavior in a such a way that we do not accept in our conscious society .Even slime dweller prefer to send their children to English medium school (Rajshiree1986) .Even poor people also wants to put their child into a English medium but at that time in the school there are high society .s children .Poor student feels inferior to them because their parents could not provide them such valuable things. At that time, children go on a wrong way and it also creates a problem in a society.

             English is also like a god for those people who wanted to go outside of the india.They know the value of the English very well .In the interstate also is Valuable because when we go to the outside, English became our language. We have to communicate in English because they  don’t know  our mother tongue .At that time we values English and it helps the people to link  with so English is a link language.

           That was also perceived that India will have same natural advantages in world politics and in the economics because we have adopted English as an official language .Most of research in science and technology was done in English .There was awesome fear that our mother language e cannot fail the knowledge gape. The increased international mobility and possibilities of higher education dreaded, which gave new and handsome retests to the already advantaged, underscored the importance of English education.

           English was projected as the neutral language with no regional or ethical base in the country. But English as language of foreigner. So we have to change our attitude towards the English.Governmment also realize that the poor people was not escaped from this opportunities but that think that it is within their reach because I t is connected with the foreigner’s culture and it would give them access to wealth, power and statue as it did to the higher caste earlier caste .Thus the perception of power stage of the society and minorities strangely coincided about the usefulness of English for their own our poses.

          Before independence, freedom fighter hate the language of Satan but now the           people considered the English as a boon of saravati and praised the English’s hale the descriptive of policies that the  continuance of English is accepted as an alternative medium in all the major dominance but when it generates problem of not having  competence  teachers of English lowering the standard of English .The  increase demand for English decrease like a mushroom but it is very low quqlity.As in our India ,, the classes are to o crowded because of the population .So the teacher can’t interact with each student. So in the practice there is growing preference for English particularly in the domain of education, where significantly, people can exercise their choice when there are alternatives.

        Laws were enacted making the Indian language as a language of administrative but the language of higher education remained English. Again there is difference between the course of the practice and in the practice. But if laws said that official language. Act mentioned above allowed that the proceedings in the supreme court may be in Hindi and in the high courts may be in the state official language but the judgments, decree and order must be accompanied by an authorized translation in English .Thus ,the legislative and judicial document in the union and in the state are bilingual in English and an Indian language with   equal legal authority.

        Those  who enjoyed the advantaged of English, who were  also in position  of power ,did not want to way slowly  there  base and argued that English being the second language to be formally learnt by all is equally disadvantages  to  everyone .Knowledge is  your power so the English as s language is also your  power and pride and  English as a second language also creates problem because  we mix up two language. So they neither speak their first language means Guajarati ann. nor do they speak English properly. Language is also your  power and pride and  English as a second language also creates problem because  we mix up two language. So they neither speak their first language means Guajarati ann. nor do they speak English properly.

.

         English is taught as s language for instrumental value in school and college .English medium is prestigious and is in great demand. At that time policy is unenthusiastic because there is strong resistant citing argument of academic mobility of teachers and students and also availability of text and reference material and lack of development of Indian  language .Particular lily the technical terms and employments and research opportunities for  students in India and abroad. There is kind of double face with English for writing and speaking. Similarly the teacher in an English medium class using the English textbook and explain the points in Indian language

                                                 Learn English, Live English